Gabriele Leidloff
log-in / locked out
The project l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t uses a metaphorical character to reflect the "locked-in" state of questions of communication.
Medically defined, "locked-in" describes a situation in which a person is conscious, but only capable of communicating him or herself in an indirect fashion. Movement and speech occur out of sync or in coded form. From case to case, however, thinking and speaking have been able to be brought back into connection with one another, e.g. via computers.
"locked-in" is a rare psycho-physiological form of existence, which also gives indication of the borders of both science and language.
Work on the project l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t began in 1996 as a result of films, installations and publications on the reproduction of situative movement in direct relationship to the mechanically structured time in a recorded film.
The "locked-in" syndrome is a delicate subject also considered to be controversial. The experience gathered from the filming and research done up till now therefore offers both grounds and a starting point for placing an interest in the conflicting ways the syndrome is locked at on a broader basis, thereby making them accessible to a larger public.
The project will concern itself ("in fragmentary form", thereby keeping in line with the topic itself) with the following aspects of the "locked-in" phenomena:
l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t is an artistic project between art, the natural and the academic sciences in the following discourse:
The theme "locked-in" remains the starting point and subdivides itself into individual topics on aspects, each of which forms a topic for presentation at one location.
The type of presentation involved orientates itself toward both the institutional framework and toward the contributions of the guest participants and their working media.
Planned are exhibits with artistic and academic/scientific works as well as accompanying lectures, network communication and public forums to generate an exchange between neuroscientists, artists and theorists.
Documentation and publication of the presentations are the basis for each and every presentation.
The varying disciplinary backgrounds of the participants and their contributions correspond to the open process in which this project has been set up. The intention here is not to make the topics "interdisciplinary" by burdening them with improved expert knowledge, its about getting closer to them via observation.
Cooperating agencies/institutions (to date):
Next 5 Minutes 3, Conference on Tactical Media, Amsterdam; National Gallery at the Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin; ZKM Center for Art and Media, Karlsruhe; INM INstitute for New Media, Frankfurt/M; Hamburg Office of Cultural Affairs; Yale University; The University of Iowa; The Contemporary, Baltimore; Goethe-Institute New York
With the support of (to date):
Neurological Institute, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York; Intensive Care Unit, Dept. of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore; University of Maryland Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore; Neurological University Clinic Hamburg; Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne
Definitions and Quotes
Coma vigile, also referred to as "waking coma" or "akinetic mutism": "A state of speechlessness with an intact speech organ as a result of a general inhibition of the motoric functions, including facial expression, gestures, speech. Speaking as well as movement do not occur spontaneously and, upon request, only delayed and slowly (...). Consciousness is retained completely, possibly there is amnesia."
(Lexikon der Medizin, Urban & Schwarzenberg)
"Coma vigil is an imprecise term that has been applied to a number of situations. In one type, the unfortunate victim has a lesion that disconnects the cerebral hemispheres from all areas below the level of the oculomotor nucleus in the brain stem. Hence the eyes can open but no other movement is possible. If the patient "hears" or receives any information, it is not possible to signal a response except by blinking (i.e. the patient is "locked in" but conscious). In the true coma vigil, the lesion is thought to be higher in the diencephalon, in the upper reaches of the seat of consciousness. Once again, the eyes are open but the patient is unconscious, does not receive most information and although appearing "alert" actually does not process any data, does not "think"."
Michael Salcman, M.D.
Locked-in Syndrome
(...) The patients retain consciousness, but are not able to communicate (de-efferent state), which can be verified via electrophysiological methods. In some cases residual functions of the optico-motoricity are still present, e.g. vertical movements of the eyeballs, which can be enlisted in elaborating a code toward communicating with the outside world.
(Handbuch der Intensivmedizin, Georg Thieme Verlag)
The Website locked-in.com is a central communications forum and a base for information for both participants of and visitors to the project l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t. Each of the presentations will be accompanied by a site of its own which supports the current aspect being dealt with.
Above and beyond this, it is intended that the possibility exists to switch over to a locked-in mode, whereby the symptom itself is simulated and transmitted onto the communication being carried out in Internet. This mode interrupts the normal interaction: themes will run their course in a continuous flow ? seeking paths of theirown ? without the usual navigational options within Internet.
Jan Szulerecki (Webmaster)
What is expected of art today is not a certainty toward the future, but a sense of opportunity (Robert Musil), the providing of scenarios and "thought images" (Walter Benjamin) for solving the problems at hand. Artists and academic scientists could once again open up mutual fields of visualizing things, provide experimental formations (the title of many works of art in recent years) and thereby contribute toward society understanding itself.
While the scientist ascertains functional correlations, the artist addresses impressions in their own aesthetic formulations, which reach out beyond thew analysis of functions into the infinity of cosmic contexts. Each science is enveloped by a shadow of the irrational infinity which art addresses. By being conscious of this shadow, the roles of art and science alter themselves.
The National Gallery at Berlins Hamburger Bahnhof and the Berlin Museum Educational Service are planning an exhibition with the preliminary working title "Art as Science ? Science as Art" which will be accompanied by discussions, symposia and series of lectures. This has given cause for a great deal of interest on our part in the initiatives proposed by the artist Gabriele Leidloff, who is planning a series of presentations linked with exhibits on her theme l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t .
Cooperative efforts could begin in 1999 with non-public discussion forums (possibly within the action radius of the Hamburger Bahnhof or in one of Berlins scientific research centers), giving both scientists and artists the opportunity to evolve an understanding of the principles behind a dialogue between scientists and artists.
Eugen Blume, Eckhart Gillen
National Gallery at the Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin
The Next Five Minutes conference in Amsterdam, taking place from March 12 to 14, 1999, will be one of the stations of the l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t project by Gabriele Leidloff. The presentation will focus on the aspects of speech <-> narrative structure based on political, social and cultural patterns of networked communication.
In the age of the Network Society, it is tempting to no longer question the communication paradigm. We send and receive messages. In case of failure we are being notified. Lines are busy, fax paper is missing, server access is denied, a mailbox was switched off by mistake and the mobile phone is not able to connect to nearby stations.
The human-to-human misunderstandings reached an atavistic status of the left-behind wetware, are fighting in the back benches of the Techno Concerto, whilst producing little more than background noise.
Gone are the good old days of Post-Modernism. There is no time left for sophisticated studies on derailing exchanges, incomprehensive languages, stumbling discourses, the private universe of the local genius and refined sign systems - unable and unwilling of being converted to the universal standards of current technology.
The earlier advancements of self-referential systems disappear. Self-replicating differentiations turn into protected reservations, ready for commodification, victimized by the touristic, media-driven eyes of the spectators.
This is the time of interrelations. No more closed worlds. This even counts for Internet, which is hardwired to the reality of global capitalism. Escapism is becoming a luxury option for the well-offs, the cultural elites and the left-over aristocrats of vanished centuries. "Cyberspace is our land" now sounds like a romantic slogan of the marginalized cyberpunks, refusing to turn themselves into hippie entrepreneurs.
The "Business-as-usual attitude" has taken over and with it the need for interchangeable components, transparency, regulation and surveillance. The mystery of being sealed off has vanished and been transformed into a state of pitiful redundancy, ready to be pulled into the basket case of human tragedies.
Geert Lovink
An Absence of Interference
The manifestation of an interference: the eclipsing, overlapping, influencing and inhibiting of "something" by a similar entity; a virus, a gene or through language too, according to the dictionary. Being inarticulate has been described as being a type of manifestation of interfering. To interfere at this point I could say encouragingly: Gabriele Leidloffs images and picture sequences deal with this manifestation ? through similar entities ? with being inarticulate and dealing with an absence of interference. Virtually a hem on the emperors new clothes: always too late to stitch up whats torn, more concerned with baring the materialities through omission. That wouldnt be a disillusion of the illusion, and thereby a move in the direction of incisive vision, its more of interference from within and without, the interference of the temporalities appear on the baseless surfaces of appearances as neglecting questions. Questions as to the picture, the appearance and the time; the time of interfering as the time of a glance seen. The project l o g - i n / l o c k e d o u t appears in this way to interfere with these questions ? the inclusion of the lock-in and the emergence toward the manifesting on communication.
Liselotte Hermes da Fonseca
Around 1630 René Descartes formulated a remarkable simile in his "Traité de lhomme": Those who have ever taken a close-up look at church organs know that the bellows press air into collective receptacles called wind chests and that this air moves from there into the pipes, some flowing into one, some toward another depending on how the organist moves his fingers along the keyboard. According to Descartes, one could now picture that the heart and arteries pumping the spiritus animales (spirit of life) into the cranial cavities are similar to the bellows of organs pressing air into the wind chests, while external objects such as the organists fingers caused the air to stream into particular pipes. The organs harmony is not dependent however in any way upon the externally visible arrangement of its pipes, wind chests or other parts. The functions of the brain would share this independence of a determining influence on the part of both external details observed by anatomists or by the shape of the cranial ventricles.
A few years later in "Discours de la méthode" Descartes came up with the idea of imaging, just for the sake of it, that he had no body and that there were neither a world nor a place where he was located. Nonetheless he chose not to attempt imaging that he himself did not exist.
Descartes never considered the possibility that one could be locked against ones will into a defective body equipped with a faulty organ machinery of communication channels. Despite this, the scenarios of being mentally locked in or inapproachable, as diagnosed in modern medicine for example through the term "Locked-in Syndrome", can be derived directly from those images used by him.
Such verifiably existent extremes challenge both art and the neurological sciences to the same extent, not to take the conditions surrounding human psychopathology for granted. Reason enough to approach them in the profession and field-bridging project "l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t" by Gabriele Leidloff. A forum for an exhibit and a symposium on "l o g-i n / l o c k e d o u t" is planned for the second half of 2001 in Hamburg in co-production with Karl Clausberg (art sciences) and Olaf Breitbach (biological, neurological sciences). A preliminary project to this event will begin in 1999 in the form of discussion forums and autopsies with the participants and institutions listed.
Karl Clausberg
"As primary component, communication contains a com-" Latin for with. Basically, this contains all of the questions and the problems: What goes with what, who goes together with whom, so that communication takes place? What does that WITH imply? Answer: the with is to be read temporally and does not imply synchronicity; instead it implies posteriority between (a) thinking and (b) speaking (c) speaker and (d) listener. Pure simultaneity would destroy communication. Thus one has to first form one, and then transmit it. Posteriority, however, contains the seed of information distortion. As such, a weak dilemma exists for communication: synchronicity would be too early (speaking cannot take place without thought and comes later; in the same vein, the listener has to wait for that which has been spoken and comprehends later), but posteriority contains the possibility of deformation through hearing wrongly, through a different expectation, through remembering.
As long as we speak with others and even as long as we assume them foreigners, they are others like ourselves. Yet the locked-in patients become others in a different sense. Whatever we infer - they think, but cannot speak - they live in or even as a separation between mental states and the expression of them. We are confronted with a limit of understanding "other minds". Our language of understanding them becomes a soliloquy we speak to ourselves.
Bernhard H.F. Taureck
Nothing to communicate, no one to communicate to, nothing to communicate with, nothing to do but communicate, no ability to communicate, no reason to communicate.... To be an artist is to fail, and fail as no other.
Curtis Mitchell
Scanpaths, the repetitive sequences of saccadic eye movements, occurred when subjects viewed slide projections of both realistic and abstract art. Variance analysis demonstrated that global/local eye movement indices were lower for local scanning by professional art viewers who replied on more global viewing, particularly in abstract images. Non-professional, unsophisticated subjects carried their local scanpath patterns from realistic images on to abstract images. The blink rate of professional subjects viewing abstract images was also significantly lower, indicating increased visual effort. Non-professional viewers showed no difference in blink rates.
Experiments included varied tasks given to cooperative subjects in the form of explicit, written instructions. The first task (E), or easy looking, was simply to look at the pictures without further instruction. The second task (R), or recollection, was to look at the works carefully in order to be able to remember them and recall their specific features. Afterwards the subjects had to describe the picture`s content and give some details on request. The third task (D), or detailed looking, was to look at the pictures carefully in regard to artistic details and to concentrate on aesthetic details. Subjects were then asked about their aesthetic impressions after each run. The subjects were unaware that their eye movements were being recorded, as they had been told that their pupil size was being measured. (...)
The subjects were placed approximately 1.15 m from the screen with the projected picture comprising a size of about 70 x 70 cm, allowing fairly good sized eye movements as would be necessary to cover the material on the screen with a vertical and horizontal visual angle of 35° in each plane for the presented pictures. Room lighting was dim (...) allowing the subjects` attention to be focused on the screen.
(Excerpt: W. H. Zangemeister, K.Sherman, L.Stark, Evidence For A Global Scanpath Strategy In Viewing Abstract Compared With Realistic Images, Neuropsychologia,
Vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 1009-1025, 1995)
Hamburg, December 1998
Links to associated topics:
Hybrid WorkSpace, documenta X
"'Give me a body'. Deleuze' Time Image and the Taxonomy of the Body in the Work of Gabriele Leidloff".
Moving Visual Object
POSTMODERNISM AND THE ART OF GABRIELE LEIDLOFF
Ugly Casting
Goethe (ARCHIPELAGO pdf)
Leidloff press