mikro.linx.operating.systems 3/3
october 1998
[maintained by vgrass@rz.hu-berlin.de for www.mikro.org - please contribute news & changes]
General
History
Research
Emulators
Unix et alii
Free Unix
Linux
Unixes' Standardization Efforts
Free OSs
Net OSs
Distributed OSs
Realtime OSs
Embedded Systems OSSs
Other OSs
Interfaces
Social
Copyleft/Open Source
Total World Domination (MS)
Newsgroups
Books
Free Operating Systems
Guide to Free Operating System Kernels
http://web.utk.edu/~williams/freeos/
Wine, a completely alternative implementation of Windows consisting of
100% Microsoft Free code allowing unmodified Windows 3.1/95/NT binaries to run under Intel Unixes including Linux.
http://www.winehq.com
ReactOS will be a free operating system that can run software and drivers
compatible with Windows NT. ReactOS is targeted for Intel systems but may be ported to others later.
http://www.sid-dis.com/reactos/
Freedows, based on the "Cache Kernel" design developed by researchers at Stanford University, will be able to run applications from many different OSes, like the Macintosh or Amiga, Win95 and NT, DOS, Commodore 64 and Tandy CoCo. With the Freedows Object Oriented Interface System GUI. Under GNU.
http://www.math.tu-clausthal.de/~matsa/freedows/english/index.html
FreeDOS (!)
http://www.freedos.org/
Free VMS (on Mach) (!!)
http://www.free-vms.org/
Free Unix
On the Early History and Impact of Unix (Ch. 9 of the Hauben's "Netizen's Netbook")
http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x09
*On the history of Usenet News (Hauben's)
MINIX, Tanenbaum's free & open source, small, microkernel-based UNIX clone available for the PC was designed for learning about OSs
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/minix.html
FreeBSD
http://www.freebsd.org/
NetBSD
http://www.netbsd.org/
OpenBSD
http://www.openbsd.org/
Richard Stallman's GNU
The GNU Project started in 1984 to develop a complete free Unix-like operating system. Variants of the GNU system, using Linux as the kernel, are now widely used; though often called ``Linux'', they are more accurately called GNU/Linux systems. The first test release of ``the'' GNU system, using the GNU Hurd as the kernel, was made in August 1996.
http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/
Linux
The now mythical beginnings, a Finnish college student needs a Unix on his PC, there is none, so he sits down and writes one
*
The Home of the Penguin
http://www.linux.org/
the Linux Documentation Project (LDP)
http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html
The Linux Kernel Documentation Project (KDP) under GNU GPL
http://wiw.org/kdp/
LinuxHQ Project - the site for Linux kernel users and hackers
http://www.linuxhq.com/
Linus Torvalds' homepage
http://www.cs.Helsinki.FI/~torvalds/
The Unofficial Linus Torvalds FAQ
http://earthspace.net/~esr/faqs/linus/index.html
Michael Montoure: the ultimate Linus Torvalds web resource
http://www.ssc.com/linux/linus.html
Robert McMillan: One on one with Linus Torvalds (Linux World, October 1998)
http://www.linuxworld.com/linuxworld/lw-1998-10/lw-10-torvalds.html
Linux' Mindshare Went Through The Roof:
"Linux had no mindshare with the people who make the decisions. I think that's one of the big things that's been happening for the last three or four months is that mindshare went through the roof. ...
And what I think will happen is that some company -- maybe not IBM, but a company like IBM -- will just happen in the future where they're already doing multiplatform support, because everybody has it if you're in the big league. And they're just going to add Linux to the list of platforms they support. And then you're going to be able to buy one machine and Linux will be installed on it. I expect that to happen within a year.... Well, Intel surprised me by being so about-face. I had talked to Intel before, but Linux was a dirty word, and that was just a year ago. And Intel has been very positive lately, which is nice....
I think that there are a lot of people in Redmond scratching their heads wondering "What the hell can we do?" ... And at the same time they have a really hard time coming to grips with the fact that it's a market outside their market; one they can't direct. And that's probably why they're nervous. I don't know...I don't think they're really nervous. I think they're mildly nervous. I don't think Bill spends the nights lying there thinking about Linux."
(Linus Torvalds interviewed by Robert McMillan, LinuxWorld, October 1998)
http://www.linuxworld.com/linuxworld/lw-1998-10/lw-10-torvalds.html
"Essentially I see the Java engine just slipping, not going anywhere. And I really hate
that happening because Java could have been a big boost to Linux. "
(Linus Torvalds interviewed by Robert McMillan, LinuxWorld, August 1998)
http://www.sunworld.com/swol-08-1998/swol-08-torvalds.html
"I consider the linux copyright to be one of the very best design decisions I ever did, along with accepting code that was copyrighted by other holders (under the same copyright conditions, of course).
I'm not fanatic about the GPL, but in the case of linux it has certainly worked out well enough."
(Linus Torvalds interviewed by Robert Young, Linux Journal, March 1994)
http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue1/linus.html
Lars Wirzenius' Linux essays
http://liw.iki.fi/liw/texts/
UK.Linux.Org
http://www.linux.org.uk/
Alan Cox' homepage (or rather diary)
http://roadrunner.swansea.uk.linux.org/alan.shtml
Linux-Distributions:
S.u.S.E. Linux
http://www.suse.de/
Debian GNU/Linux
http://www.debian.org/
Caldera
http://www.caldera.com/doc/base/App_pckg.html
RedHat
http://www.redhat.com/
Slackware
http://www.slackware.org/
Yggdrasil
http://www.yggdrasil.com/
Unixes for Mac
Mklinux:
http://www.mklinux.apple.com/
LinuxPPC:
http://www.linuxppc.org/
MacLinux:
http://www.mac.linux-m68k
ftp://ftp.mac.linux-m68k.org/pub/MacLinux
NetBSD/FreeBSD
http://www.macbsd.com
ftp://ftp.macbsd.com
Linux on the 8086 (really!)
http://www.uk.linux.org/ELKS-Home/index.html
Linux Applications and Utilities Page
http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml
Slashdot. News for Nerds
http://www.slashdot.org/
Linux Journal
http://www.ssc.com/linux/
Linux Gazette
http://www.linuxgazette.com/
Linux Mall
http://www.linuxmall.com/
Sabine Helmers & Kai Seidler: Linux: Cooperative Software Development and
Internet
http://duplox.wz-berlin.de/docs/linux/
Building a Linux Based Internet Server For Your School
http://www.riverdale.k12.or.us/linux/howto.html
Leander Kahney: Mexican Schools Embrace Linux (Wired News, 6.Nov.98)
"... the Mexican government said this week that it plans to install the free Linux operating system in 140,000 elementary- and middle-school computer labs around the country. ... Cost factors aside, Espinosa said Linux is more reliable, adaptable, and efficient than commercial operating system software. These qualities will allow him to use older, less expensive equipment. ... The program already has 2,000 labs set up using Windows software, but Espinosa said those schools will soon switch to Linux. ... He predicted Mexican schools will become hotbeds of Linux programmers. "It will let a lot of kids discover computers," he said. "Some may become little hackers." "
http://www.wired.com/news/news/technology/story/16107.html
Berliner Linux User Groups (Be.L.U.G.)
http://tanda.informatik.hu-berlin.de/BeLUG/
Berliner Linux Suchmaschine
http://linux.in-berlin.de
Andy Eddy: How Linux got so dang hot (CNN-Interactive)
http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9808/22/danglinux.idg/
How Linux Could Kill Windows NT, Jesse Berst, Editorial Director ZDNet AnchorDesk
http://www.zdnet.com/anchordesk/story/story_2241.html
The Internet Operating System Counter (September 98: 1. Linux 2. Windows 95/98/NT)
http://www.hzo.cubenet.de/ioscount/
Marc Andreessen: Linux Is Windows NT's Biggest Threat, by Nancy Weil (PC World, IDG News Service, April 24, 1998) "He prefaced his forecast of the rise in freeware by admitting that he realized it would sound like "complete California lunacy.""
http://www.pcworld.com/news/daily/data/0498/980424133938.html
The Unixes' Standardization Efforts
The Open Group's Single UNIX Specification
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/toc.htm
The 86open Project, a standards effort for the Intel-Unixes, open & free, coordinated with The Open Group's Single Unix Specification.
http://www.telly.org/86open/index.html
The Linux Standard Base (LSB)
http://editorials.freshmeat.net/
Project Proposal and Call for Participation by Linux Standard Base Project, May 18th, 1998
http://editorials.freshmeat.net/lsb/
Editorial by Alan Cox
http://editorials.freshmeat.net/alan980718/
by Debian & Red Hat: Linux Capatibility Standard (LCS) on the Linux Standard Base (LSB) & under GPL
http://paradigm.uor.edu/linux/standard/
Caldera supports the Linux Standard Base
http://www.caldera.com/news/features/980616.LSB.html
Linux® Standards Association. Bringing Business to Linux. Controversial closed Linux standardizing effort by Mike McLagan
http://199.184.252.30/
Sabine Helmers, Ute Hoffmann, Jeanette Hofmann: Standard Development as Techno-social Ordering. The Case of the Next Generation of the Internet Protocol
http://duplox.wz-berlin.de/docs/ipng/
*
GNU Hurd (based on the Mach kernel)
http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/software/hurd/hurd.html
Towards a New Strategy of OS Design (paper on Hurd)
http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/hurd/hurd-paper.html
GNUstep, based on the original OpenStep specification provided by NeXT, Inc. (now Apple)
http://www.nmr.embl-heidelberg.de/GNUstep/
The Object Farm
http://www.objectfarm.org/
Xfree86, a free implementation of the X Window System that runs on Unix, Linux, and OS/2, traditionally focused on Intel x86 but now also supports other platforms.
http://www.xfree86.org
Copyleft/Open Source/Public Domain
UNESCO promotes Public Domain
http://www.unesco.org/webworld/public_domain/public_inf.html
Eric S. Raymond: The Cathedral and the Bazaar
http://sagan.earthspace.net/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/
Eine deutsche Übersetzung davon
http://id-pro.de//idpOSS//912014283/html/t/services/halloween/halloween1
Eric Raymond's discussion of Open Source
http://www.earthspace.net/~esr/open-source.html
Eric S. Raymond: Homesteading the Noosphere
http://tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/homesteading/homesteading.txt
Free Software Foundation aka GNU (Gnu's Not Unix)
http://www.fsf.org aka http://www.gnu.org
GNU General Public License (GPL)
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
GNU Library Public License (GLPL)
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lgpl.html
Debian's Social Contract
http://www.debian.org/social_contract.html
Open Source
http://users.jaguNET.com/~braddock/fosj1-1/name/deb.htm
The Perl community's "Artistic License''
http://language.perl.com/misc/Artistic.html
Example of FreeBSD's more relaxed than GPL license
http://www.debian.org/misc/bsd.license
FreeBSD Copyright
http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/copyright.html
Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND), on which the Domain Name System is running, by the Internet Software Consortium, a nonprofit corporation for the implementation of publicly-available code for key portions of the Internet infrastructure
http://www.isc.org/bind.html
OpenSource.Org
http://www.opensource.org/
The Open Source Definition (License)
http://www.opensource.org/osd.html
A History of the Open Source effort
http://www.opensource.org/history.html
Why Eric S. Raymond registered a Trademark on the words "Open Source"
http://editorials.freshmeat.net/eric980802/
A dissenting opinion on the trademark issue by Peter Nayland Kust: Should language have
owners? in: The Virtualist, 19 October 1998
http://www.virtualist.com/columns/current.html
COSHER = Completely Open Source, Headers, Engineering, and Research
"By using COSHER software, we are making a statement that we prefer Computer Science over Computer Secrecy. Science supports the basic principles of peer review, and a continued development and advancement of software principles, and principles that we build on top of the software."
http://wearcam.org/cosher.htm
Open Design Circuits - Ultra Low Cost Open Chip Development, the chip design counterparts of Open Source Software, with designs (sources) openly shared among developers and users
http://circu.its.tudelft.nl/
Debian-based Open Hardware Certification Program
http://www.openhardware.org/
Open Content (same idea of distributed content development as in Raymond's Bazaar for software, only for online instructional content
http://www.opencontent.org/home.shtml
OpenContent License (OPL)
http://www.opencontent.org/opl.html
OpenTechnology.org, a new resource in the growing movement towards open computer systems under OPL
http://www.fourthought.com/opentech/
Union for the Public Domain
http://www.public-domain.org/
Apache
http://www.apache.org/
On the deal between Apache and IBM: ""So let me get this straight," one IBM lawyer said. "We're
doing a deal with . . . a Web site?" Yes, and the Web site was setting the terms of the deal." (Josh
McHugh in Forbes)
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/98/0810/6209094a.htm
Netscape announces to make Communicator Open Source
http://www.netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease558.html
http://www.mozilla.org/
Reaction of the Mozilla people to the fusion of Netscape and AOL and Sun
http://www.mozilla.org/fear.html
Netscape introduced its next-generation browser, dubbed Gecko. It is the first product based
on contributions from outside developers since Netscape released its Navigator source code to
the public. It will debut commercially in early 1999.
#
Free Software Special Interest Group (SIGFS)
http://acm.cs.umn.edu/~jaymz/sigfs/
WebReview, Special Issue on Open Source
http://webreview.com/wr/pub/98/04/10
O'Reilly: Open Source Ressources
http://opensource.oreilly.com/
Robert Gehring: Freeware, Shareware und Public Domain - Geschichte, Begrifflichkeit, Urheberrecht und Haftung
http://ig.cs.tu-berlin.de/sa/043/index.html
Forbes on Hackers: Josh McHugh, A band of rebels think that software's secrets should be as free as the air we breathe. Don't sell Microsoft short÷but don't underestimate the rebels, either.
"Liberated software has become an intellectual Olympics, where some of the world's top engineering minds compete÷not for venture capital, but for impressing their peers."
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/98/0810/6209094a.htm
Softpanorama: Skeptic View on Open Source, Java, Object-Oriented porgramming, and the Unix and NT debate
http://www.softpanorama.org/Skeptics/index.html
Another middle-aged, skeptic view: Dave Winer, Keep Your Eye On The Prize
"Open source is a tactic. It's a zig to the commercial industry's zag. It can gain a market presence. Good tactics... It certainly has a place. But in itself it is not the revolution.... it isn't about open source, it's about open minds."
http://www.scripting.com/davenet/98/04/keepYourEyeOnThePrize.html
A Slashdot discussion on this article:
http://slashdot.org/articles/98422115321.shtml
Another sceptic: Florian Rötzer: Hacker und Aufmerksamkeitsökonomie. Zu Eric Raymonds Kultur des Schenkens (Telepolis 17.11.98)
http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/auf/2532/1.html
Total World Domination (MS)
"Microsoft has issued a patch for an IE security hole known as "The Son of Cuartango Hole" by its discoverer. The hole could let malicious Web site operators or HTML-based email senders view the contents of IE users' hard drives. ... Microsoft is still working on the 16-bit version."
http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,28999,00.html?owv
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - "An internal Microsoft memo released at the software giant's antitrust trial Thursday showed the company has considered charging an annual fee to computer users for its Windows operating system starting in 2001."
http://www.infobeat.com/stories/cgi/story.cgi?id=2557206800-d3b
The "Halloween Document"
Open Source Software. A (New?) Development Methodology
Vinod Valloppillil (VinodV). Aug 11, 1998 -- v1.00. Microsoft Confidential (interspersed with comments by Eric Raymond)
Open Source Software (OSS) "poses a direct, short-term revenue and platform threat to Microsoft -- particularly in server space. Additionally, the intrinsic parallelism and free idea exchange in OSS has benefits that are not replicable with our current licensing model and therefore present a long term developer mindshare threat."
http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/halloween.html
A followup on "Halloween I"
Linux Operating System. The Next Java VM?
Vinod Valloppillil (VinodV). Josh Cohen (JoshCo) Aug 11, 1998 - v1.00 Microsoft Confidential
"In the worst case, Linux provides a mechanism for server OEMs to provide integrated, task-specific products and completely bypassing Microsoft revenues in this space. ... The effect of patents and copyright in combating Linux remains to be investigated..."
http://www.opensource.org/halloween2.html
Reactions to Halloween I & II
Microsoft's Official Response (November 5, 1998)
http://www.microsoft.com/ntserver/highlights/editorletter.asp
Dave Whitinger: an in-depth look at the personalities behind the Halloween documents
http://linuxtoday.com/stories/638.html
Alan Cox: "Microsoft tried to hire me."
http://www.linux.org.uk/
Tim O'Reilly: "Open Letter to Microsoft"
http://www.oreilly.com/oreilly/press/tim_msletter.html
Robert X. Cringely: Where is Eleanor Roosevelt When We Need Her? Why the Linux World
is Upset and Shouldn't Be (The Pulpit, Nov 5, 1998)
"While Linux and Apache may be threats to Microsoft, the truth is that Microsoft
in no way represents a threat to either Linux or Apache. No threat, none, zilch,
nada. ... "Chase the dream, not the competition." This is precisely what Linux and
Apache should continue to do. And the completely inadvertent outcome of following
this strategy will be the decommoditization of Microsoft."
http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit19981105.html
Discussion of this article on slashdot
http://www.slashdot.org/articles/98/11/08/1124242.shtml
Bob Trott: Microsoft pondering legal challenge to Linux (CNN, November 6, 1998)
http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9811/06/linux.threat.idg/
Discussion of this article on slashdot
http://www.slashdot.org/articles/98/11/07/1259212.shtml
MS renames Windows NT 5.0 to Windows 2000 cause it won't be finished in 1999 either.
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/news/october1998/win2000.asp
Slavoj Zizek: Foreword to the net.edition of the Communist Manifesto (in Kroatian/Slowenian, with referrences to Billa Gatesa, hackera, Microsofta, Sam Spade, and, of course, Karl Marx)
http://www.arkzin.com/munist/manifesto/manifest0.htm
Corporate Watch's Feature on MS, including an interview with Noam Chomsky
http://www.corpwatch.org/feature/microsoft/
Mother Jones' Feature: Where won't microsoft go tomorrow?
http://www.motherjones.com/mother_jones/JF98/toc.html
NetAction's Anti-MS Campaign
http://www.netaction.org/msoft/ccc.html
Resist temptation - avoid Microsoft's pillaging!
http://members.tripod.com/~antonino/countms.html
The SMASH MICRO$OFT page
http://www.zip.com.au/~guyd/smash_ms/index.htm
The Microsoft Boycott Campaign
http://msbc.simplenet.com/
Consumer Project on Technology's Microsoft Antitrust Page
http://www.essential.org/antitrust/microsoft/
"Appraising Microsoft and Its Global Strategies", a conference on the business practices of Microsoft and the impact of those practices on our society, November 13-14 1997
http://www.appraising-microsoft.org/
U.S. Department of Justice legal documents of its antitrust case against Microsoft
http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases3/micros2/micros0.htm
Appeals from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia v. Microsoft, June 23, 1998
http://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/common/opinions/199806/97-5343a.txt
Buy MS stock now!
http://www.userfriendly.org/cartoons/98sep/19980903.html
Daily news updates on MS
http://www.newslinx.com/newstopics/microsoft.html
... and on reno vs gates
http://www.newslinx.com/newstopics/reno_vs_gates.html
Interview mit Sun-Chef Scott McNealy und weitere MS-Artikel (Wirtschaftswoche 15.12.1998)
http://www.wiwo.de/wwnetzwelt/47_sun.htm
CNN on the MS trial
http://cnnfn.com/specials/antitrust/
Caldera News on Caldera vs. Microsoft
http://www.caldera.com/lawsuit/index.html
Microsoft integrates U.S. appeals court into its operating system,
Scott Rosenberg, Salon Magazine, June 25, 1998
http://www.salonmagazine.com/21st/rose/1998/06/25straight.html
Caldera, owner of DR-DOS, wins round in fight with MS. The source code for Windows 95 ``is among the most valuable and confidential pieces of intellectual property in the world,'' Microsoft lawyer James Jardine said in court (Sheila R. McCann, The Salt Lake Tribune, July 29, 1998)
http://www.sltrib.com/1998/jul/07291998/utah/45304.htm
micro$0ft humour page
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Park/4789/antims.htm
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